Deep Brain Stimulation
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure in which thin electrodes are implanted into specific areas of the brain responsible for movement control. These electrodes deliver continuous electrical pulses from a small implanted generator (like a pacemaker) placed under the collarbone. DBS significantly reduces the tremors, stiffness, and involuntary movements of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia in patients where medication alone is no longer adequate.
🔬 How the Procedure Is Performed
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Part one: Electrode implantation. A stereotactic head frame is fitted for precise targeting.
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MRI or CT scan with the frame in place precisely maps the target brain nucleus.
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Electrodes are inserted through small holes in the skull while the patient is awake (to allow brain testing).
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Electrical stimulation is tested to confirm optimal placement and check for side effects.
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Part two: Generator implantation. Under general anaesthesia, the pulse generator (IPG) is implanted under the skin below the collarbone and connected to the brain electrodes via subcutaneous cables.
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The system is programmed over subsequent visits to optimise stimulation settings.
✅ Benefits of Deep Brain Stimulation
- ✓Dramatic reduction in tremor, rigidity, and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
- ✓Adjustable and reversible — settings can be changed non-invasively
- ✓Reduces reliance on levodopa and its side effects
- ✓Effective for medication-refractory essential tremor
- ✓Improves quality of life, independence, and ability to perform daily activities
📋 How to Prepare
- Comprehensive neurological evaluation including motor diary and levodopa challenge test.
- MRI brain (without DBS hardware — must be done before implant).
- Neuropsychological testing to assess suitability.
- Stop Parkinson's medications the morning of surgery (to allow optimal testing during electrode placement).
- Family counselling and support arrangements for the recovery period.
⚠️ Possible Risks & Side Effects
- Infection at the surgical site or along the hardware
- Stroke or intracranial bleeding at the electrode insertion site (~1–2%)
- Hardware complications: lead migration, wire fracture, generator malfunction
- Stimulation side effects: speech changes, balance issues (usually corrected by reprogramming)
- Depression or anxiety changes (psychiatric follow-up is important)
Your surgeon will discuss all risks with you before the procedure and take appropriate precautions to minimise them.
💊 Post-Procedure Care
- The device is switched on and programmed 2–4 weeks after surgery.
- Multiple programming sessions over 3–6 months to fine-tune settings.
- Continue Parkinson's medications — the neurologist will adjust doses as the DBS takes effect.
- Carry an implant identification card at all times (important for airport security and MRI scans).
- Avoid MRI scans except under specific DBS-compatible protocols.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Does DBS cure Parkinson's disease?
No. DBS manages symptoms very effectively but does not stop the underlying disease progression. Medications are still required, though often at lower doses.
How long does the battery last?
Rechargeable IPGs last 9–15+ years. Non-rechargeable models last 3–5 years and then require a simple generator replacement procedure.
🏥 Deep Brain Stimulation at Iswarya Hospital
Trusted expertise and global-standard neurological care, covering both neurology and neurosurgery for a wide range of brain and spine conditions.
ℹ️ This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Individual treatment plans may vary. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decisions.